The stations closest to you are often the hardest to hear. Near-vertical incidence skywave is how you cover your own state and the ones next door, and it wants a low antenna, not a high one.
Before digital readouts, knowing where you were transmitting took two dials, a crystal oscillator and a half hour of warm-up. How hams in the 1950s and 60s got onto the right frequency.
A magnetic loop and a pair of Hamstick whips, each set up in a covenant-controlled yard and compared against a full size reference vertical over a week of real contacts.
Lengthening a vertical past 5/8 wavelength should send the signal skyward — yet commercial dual band antennas are longer than that and still claim gain at the horizon. Here is how they do it, and how to read their gain figures.
An SWR of 3:1, or even 10:1, costs far less than most operators think — provided the feedline is good and the tuner is doing its job. And the same fact gives you one wire that works on every band.
Your portable station is only as reliable as its power source. Choosing between sealed lead acid, lithium-ion and LiFePO₄, sizing the battery, estimating operating time, wiring it safely and keeping it charged with solar.
Plenty of antenna ads quote a gain figure that means nothing at all. Here is how to read them: what a dB really is, how dBi and dBd differ, and the three rules that protect you from a misleading claim.